The usual set of weapons for a gate guard would include a spear or pole type weapon as a first main, a short sword for secondary, and a long knife for backup. They would wear armor that gave them good protection yet still have freedom of movement.
A patrol guard would often carry a mace or blunt club. Their job was not to kill folks, so their first weapon would be non-lethal (for the most part) with a lot of takedown power. Leather armor with possible thin metal plates would be the choice for these folks, as it gives good protection, yet is light enough not to tired the patroling guard out. Leg and arm armor would be minimal.
Archers would be stationary guards at key points, generally at elevated levels (such as the doorless towers), and would wear little or no armor.
Mage guards... I don't really have a clue.
Claymores are not a good weapon for a guard, as they are a frontal assult blade similar in use to a spear (both thrusting), but not as manuverable. As to the weight, a good claymore wieghs less than 3.5 to 4 pounds, and is balanced for easy use. This is a good read on the subject.
http://www.thearma.org/essays/weights.htmAs for your points:
1- Hydlaa is primarily a Ylian city. Most guards in Ojaveda will be Enki.
2- Answered. Mages will be worked on eventualy.
3- Eventually.
4- The arena is a likely spot for training. I am sure there will be more explaining them in time.
5- More detaild will come in time.
