Kind of hard to picture a stone claymore (could be stone flakes wedged in a wood frame though, the method has been used in earth history

)
However, it seems like the normal nomenclature used for weapon material has always been: "material" "weapon"
copper dagger
iron short sword
platinum long sword
The "of" weapons always seem to be enchanted in some way
I always took "of stone" to mean enchanted for extra damage (if I'm wrong, it would be kind of hard to believe a stone short sword would do more damage than a regular steel short sword)
Only the settings Devs know for sure